vuqØef.kdk

Hkkx&1 ;ksx vuqla/kku

1-  vuqla/kku dk vFkZ] ifjHkk"kk] izdkj] {ks= ,oa egÙo                                                           1-18
(Meaning, Definition, Types, Field and Importance of Research)

vuqla/kku ¼'kks/k½ dk vFkZ                                                         1

vuqla/kku ¼'kks/k½ dh ifjHkk"kk,¡                                                  2

oSKkfud vuqla/kku dh izÑfr] Lo:i ,oa fo'ks"krk,¡                                5

vuqla/kku ¼'kks/k½ ds mn~ns';                                                    6

vuqla/kku ¼'kks/k½ ds izdkj                                                      6

vuqla/kku ¼'kks/k½ ds pj.k vFkok lksiku                                          11

vuqla/kku ¼'kks/k½ ds {ks=                                                       11

vuqla/kku dh vko’;drk ,oa egÙo                                             14

2-  vuqla/kku leL;k ,oa ifjdYiuk dk vFkZ] izdkj ,oa fo'ks"krk,¡                                                                                    19-30
(Meaning, Types and Charactristics of
Research Problem and Hypothesis)

vuqla/kku leL;k dk vFkZ ,oa Lo:Ik                                            19

vuqla/kku leL;k dk p;u@vuqla/kku leL;k ds lzksr                             20

oSKkfud leL;k ;k vuqla/kku leL;k ds izdkj                                   21

oSKkfud vuqla/kku leL;k dh fo’ks"krk,¡                                         22

ifjdYiuk                                                                  23

mÙke oSKkfud ifjdYiuk dh fo'ks"krk,¡                                         28

3-  pj dk vFkZ] izdkj ,oa egÙo                                                                                                                                31-38
(Meaning, Types and Importance of Variable)

pj dk vFkZ                                                                 31

pj dh ifjHkk"kk,¡                                                            32

pj ds izdkj                                                                32

4-  izfrn'kZ ,oa izfrp;u                                                                       39-50
(Sample and Sampling)

izfrn'kZ dk vFkZ                                                             39

izfrn'kZ dh ifjHkk"kk,¡                                                        40

vPNs izfrn'kZ dh fo'ks"krk,¡                                                   41

izfrn'kZ dh lhek,¡                                                          43

izfrp;u dk vFkZ                                                           43

izfrp;u ds izdkj                                                          44

5-  vuqla/kku fof/k;k¡                                                                             51-64
(Research Methods)

¼d½ voyksdu ;k fujh{k.k fof/k                                               51

¼[k½ iz;ksxkRed fof/k                                                        55

¼x½ lg&lEcU/kkRed fof/k                                                    56

vU; vuqla/kku fof/k;k¡                                                       58

6-  vuqla/kku vfHkdYi ,oa vuqla/kku fjiksVZ ys[ku                                                              65-72
(Research Design and Research Report Writing)

vuqla/kku vfHkdYi dk vFkZ                                                    65

mÙke vuqla/kku vfHkdYi dh fo'ks"krk,¡                                          67

vuqla/kku vfHkdYi ds izdkj                                                   67

vuqla/kku fjiksVZ ys[ku                                                        69

vuqla/kku fjiksVZ ys[ku dh 'kSyh ,oa lko/kkfu;k¡                                   70

'kks/k dh uSfrdrk                                                             71

Hkkx&2 lkaf[;dh

1-  lkaf[;dh% ifjp;] fodkl] vFkZ] {ks= ,oa egRo                                     1-14
(Statistics: Introduction, Development,
Meaning, Scope and Importance)

      lkaf[;dh dk mn~xe ,oa fodkl                                              1

                                                       lkaf[;dh dk vFkZ ,oa ifjHkk"kk        2

                                                  lkaf[;dh dk vU; foKkuksa ls lEcU/k        5

                                                                lkaf[;dh dk egRo        9

2-  leadksa dk fcUnqjs[kh; ¼ys[kkfp=h;½ izn’kZu                                        15-40
(Graphical Presentation of Data)

      fcUnqjs[kh; izn’kZu ds dk;Z                                                  15

                           fcUnqjs[kh; ¼ys[kk&fp=h;½ izn’kZu ds xq.k ;k ykHk ;k mi;ksfxrk        16

      ys[kkfp=h; fu:i.k dh ifjlhek,¡ ;k nks"k                                     17

                                             1- dkyJs.kh dk ys[kkfp= ;k dkfyd fp=        20

      2- ckjackjrk&caVu ds ys[kkfp=                                              23

      lkj.kh vkjs[k vkSj ys[kkfp= dk rqyukRed vè;;u                             33

3-  dsUnzh; izo`fÙk ds eki                                                                     41-111
(Measures of Central Tendency)

ekè;ksa ds izdkj                                                              42

lekUrj ekè;                                                               43

ljy lekUrj ekè; dk fu/kkZj.k                                                43

lrr ;k oxZ&foLrkj dh dqN vU; Jsf.k;ka                                      51

ekfè;dk ¼eè;dk½                                                            61

cgqyd ¼Hkwf;"Bd½                                                         76

4-  vifdj.k ,oa fo"kerk ¼izdh.kZu ,oa oS"kE;½ dh eki                         112-164
(Measures of Dispersion and Skewness)

vifdj.k dk vFkZ ,oa ifjHkk"kk                                                 112

ekè; fopyu ds xq.k&nks"k vkSj mi;ksfxrk                                       124

ekè; fopyu vkSj fopyu esa vUrj                                            125

fo"kerk                                                                    139

iz;qDr izeq[k lw=                                                            151

5-  lglEcU/k ,oa Vh&ijh{k.k vkSj Z-ijh{k.k                                        165-219
(Correlation and T-test and Z-test)

dkyZ fi;lZu ds lglEcU/k xq.kkad                                              167

dkyZ fi;lZu ds lglEcU/k xq.kkad ds xq.k ,oa ifjlhek,¡                           189

dksfV&vUrj lglEcU/k xq.kkad ¼fLi;eSu dk dksfV lglEcU/k xq.kkad½                 189

fofo/k mnkgj.k                                                              198

lglEcU/k xq.kkad dh lkFkZdrk dk Vh&ijh{k.k                                    206

fQ’kj dk ‘Z’ ifjorZu ijh{k.k                                              208

6-  izrhixeu ¼lekJ;.k½                                                                   220-241
(Regression)

Hkfo"; dFku ,oa vuqeku                                                      220

izrhixeu ¼lekJ;.k½ ds vè;;u dh mi;ksfxrk                                  221

izrhixeu ¼lekJ;.k½ ds izdkj                                                221

lglEcUèk vkSj izrhixeu ¼lekJ;.k½ vè;;u dh rqyuk                           222

izrhixeu ¼lekJ;.k½ ds vè;;u dh fof/k;k¡                                     223

jsf[kd izrhixeu ¼lekJ;.k½ js[kkvksa dks dSls [khapk tk,                           223

nks izrhixeu ¼lekJ;.k½ js[kk,¡ D;ksa\                                          227

izrhixeu ¼lekJ;.k½ lehdj.k                                               227

ekè;ksa ls fopyu&fof/k                                                    229

izrhixeu ¼lekJ;.k½ xq.kkad ds xq.k/keZ                                      231

dfYir ekè;ksa ls fopyu                                                  232

7-  lEHkkO;rk ,oa dkbZ&oxZ ijh{k.k                                                242-260
(Contingency and Chi-Square Test)

dkbZ&oxZ ijh{k.k                                                            245

xq.k&lkgp;Z ;k xq.k&LokrU=~; dk dkbZ&oxZ ijh{k.k                              246

dkbZ&oxZ dk ifjdyu                                                       248

;sV dk la’kks/ku                                                             249

dkbZ&oxZ ds ifjdYiu dh oSdfYid jhfr;k¡                                      249

mRÑ"Vrk dh dkbZ&oxZ tk¡p ¼vklatu mRÑ"Vrk tk¡p½                         253

lef"V izlj.k dh dkbZ&oxZ tk¡p                                           255

8-  izlj.k fo’ys"k.k                                                                           261-272
(Analysis of Variance)

izlj.k fo’ys"k.k rduhd % ,d ekxhZ; oxhZdj.k                                  261